620,000 (1997).

876.6 per sq km.

Manama

140,401 (1992).

Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands in the Arabian Gulf, situated between Saudi Arabia's east coast and the Qatar peninsula. At the centre of the island is the highest point, Jebel Dukhan. The majority of Bahrain's oil wells are to be found in this area. The main island has the valuable asset of an adequate supply of fresh water, unique in the region, both on land and offshore. There are extensive date gardens to the north with irrigated vegetable and fruit gardens. The strategic 24km- (15-mile) long King Fahad Causeway links Bahrain with Saudi Arabia.

Traditional Arab monarchy. Gained full independence from the UK in 1971 (had been a British Protectorate from 1861). Head of State: Sheikh Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa since 1999. Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa bin Sulman al-Khalifa.

The official language is Arabic. English is widely spoken.

Islam is practised by around 85% of Bahranian society. Worship by other faiths, including Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism is also permitted.

GMT + 3.

230 volts AC, 50Hz (Awali, 120 volts AC, 60Hz). Lamp fittings are of both the bayonet and screw types. Plug fittings are normally of the 13-amp pin type.