|
Jacobus Henricus
van 't Hoff (Netherlands, 1852-08-30
- 1911-03-01) Discovery of the laws
of chemical dynamics and of the osmotic
pressure in solutions |
| 1902 |
Emil H. Fischer (Germany,
1852-10-09 - 1919-07-15) Synthetic studies
in the area of sugar and purine groups
|
| 1903 |
Svante A. Arrhenius (Sweden,
1859-02-19 - 1927-10-02) Theory of electrolytic
dissociation |
| 1904 |
Sir William Ramsay (United
Kingdom, 1852-10-02 - 1916-07-23) Discovery
of the indifferent gaseous elements
in air (noble gases) |
| 1905 |
Adolf von Baeyer (Germany,
1835-10-31 - 1917-08-20) Organic dyes
and hydroaromatic compounds |
| 1906 |
Henri Moissan (France,
1852-09-28 - 1907-02-20) Investigation
and isolation of the element fluorine
|
| 1907 |
Eduard Buchner (Germany,
1860-05-20 - 1917-08-13) Biochemical
studies, discovery of fermentation without
cells |
| 1908 |
Sir Ernest Rutherford
(United Kingdom, 1871-08-30 - 1937-10-19)
Decay of the elements, chemistry of
radioactive substances |
| 1909 |
Wilhelm Ostwald (Germany,
1853-09-02 - 1932-04-04) Catalysis,
chemical equilibria and reaction rates
|
| 1910 |
Otto Wallach (Germany,
1847-03-27 - 1931-02-26) Alicyclic compounds
|
| 1911 |
Marie Curie (France,
Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04) Discovery
of radium and polonium |
| 1912 |
Victor Grignard (France,
1871-05-16 - 1935-12-13) Grignard's
reagent Paul Sabatier (France, 1854-11-05
- 1941-08-14)
Hydrogenation of organic compounds in
the presence of finely divided metals
|
| 1913 |
Alfred Werner (Switzerland,
1866-12-12 - 1919-11-15) Bonding relations
of atoms in molecules (inorganic chemistry)
|
| 1914 |
Theodore W. Richards
(USA, 1868-01-31 - 1928-04-02) Determination
of atomic weights |
| 1915 |
Richard Willstätter
(Germany, 1872-08-13 - 1942-08-03) Investigation
of plant pigments, particularly of chlorophyll
|
| 1920 |
Walther H. Nernst (Germany,
1864-06-25 - 1941-11-18) Studies on
thermodynamics |
| 1921 |
Frederick Soddy (United
Kingdom, 1877-09-02 - 1956-09-22) Chemistry
of radioactive substances, occurrence
and nature of the isotopes |
| 1922 |
Francis W. Aston (United
Kingdom, 1877-09-01 - 1945-11-20) Discovery
of a large number of isotopes, mass
spectrograph |
| 1923 |
Fritz Pregl (Austria,
1869-09-03 - 1930-12-13) Microanalysis
of organic compounds |
| 1925 |
Richard A. Zsigmondy
(Germany, Austria, 1865-04-01 - 1929-09-29)
Colloid chemistry (ultramicroscope)
|
| 1926 |
Theodor Svedberg (Sweden,
1884-08-30 - 1971-02-26) Disperse systems
(ultracentrifuge) |
| 1927 |
Heinrich O. Wieland (Germany,
1877-06-04 - 1957-08-05) Constitution
of bile acids |
| 1928 |
Adolf Windaus (Germany,
1876-12-25 - 1959-06-09) Study of sterols
and their relation with vitamins (vitamin
D) |
| 1929 |
Hans von Euler-Chelpin
(Sweden, Germany, 1873-02-15 - 1964-11-06)
Arthur Harden (United Kingdom, 1861-10-12
- 1940-06-17) Studies on fermentation
of sugars and enzymes |
| 1930 |
Hans Fischer (Germany,
1881-07-27 - 1945-03-31) Studies on
blood and plant pigments, synthesis
of hemin |
| 1931 |
Friedrich Bergius (Germany,
1884-10-11 - 1949-03-30) Carl Bosch
(Germany, 1874-08-27 - 1940-04-26) Development
of chemical high-pressure processes |
| 1932 |
Irving Langmuir (USA,
1881-01-31 - 1957-08-16) Surface chemistry
|
| 1934 |
Harold C. Urey (USA,
1893-04-29 - 1981-01-06) Discovery of
heavy hydrogen (deuterium) |
| 1935 |
Frédéric
Joliot (France, 1900-03-19 - 1958-08-14)
Irène Joliot-Curie (France, 1897-09-12
- 1956-03-17) Syntheses of new radioactive
elements (artificial radioactivity)
|
| 1936 |
Peter J. W. Debye (Germany,
Netherlands, 1884-03-24 - 1966-11-02)
Studies on dipole moments and the diffraction
of X rays and electron beams by gases
|
| 1937 |
Sir Walter N. Haworth
(United Kingdom, 1883-03-19 - 1950-03-19)
Studies on carbohydrates and vitamin
C Paul Karrer (Switzerland, 1889-04-21
- 1971-06-18) Studies on carotenoids
and flavins and vitamins A and B2 |
| 1938 |
Richard Kuhn (Germany,
1900-12-03 - 1967-07-31) Studies on
carotenoids and vitamins |
| 1939 |
Adolf F. J. Butenandt
(Germany, 1903-03-24 - 1995-01-18) Studies
on sexual hormones Leopold Ruzicka (Switzerland,
1887-09-13 - 1976-09-26) Studies on
polymethylenes and higher terpenes |
| 1943 |
George de Hevesy (Hungary,
1885-08-01 - 1966-07-05) Application
of isotopes as indicators in the investigation
chemical processes |
| 1944 |
Otto Hahn (Germany, 1879-03-08
- 1968-07-28) Discovery of the nuclear
fission of atoms |
| 1945 |
Artturi I. Virtanen
(Finland, 1895-01-15 - 1973-11-11) Discoveries
in the area of agricultural and food
chemistry, method of preservation of
fodder |
| 1946 |
John H. Northrop (USA,
1891-07-05 - 1987-05-27) Wendell M.
Stanley (USA, 1904-08-16 - 1971-06-15)
Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins
in pure form James B. Sumner (USA, 1887-11-19
- 1955-08-12) Crystallizability of enzymes
|
| 1947 |
Sir Robert Robinson
(United Kingdom, 1886-09-13 - 1975-02-08)
Studies on alkaloids |
| 1948 |
Arne W. K. Tiselius (Sweden,
1902-08-10 - 1971-10-29) Analysis by
means of electrophoresis and adsorption,
discoveries about serum proteins |
| 1949 |
William F. Giauque (USA,
1895-05-12 - 1982-03-28) Contributions
to chemical thermodynamics, properties
at extremely low temperatures (adiabatic
demagnetization) |
| 1950 |
Kurt Alder (Germany,
1902-07-10 - 1958-06-20) Otto P. H.
Diels (Germany, 1876-01-23 - 1954-03-07)
Development of the diene synthesis |
| 1951 |
Edwin M. McMillan (USA,
*1907-09-18) Glenn Th. Seaborg (USA,
1912-04-19 - 1999-02-25) Discoveries
in the chemistry of transuranium elements
|
| 1952 |
Archer J. P. Martin
(United Kingdom, *1910-03-01) Richard
L. M. Synge (United Kingdom, 1914-10-28
- 1994-08-18) Invention of distribution
chromatography |
| 1953 |
Hermann Staudinger (Germany,
1881-03-23 - 1965-09-08) Discoveries
in the area of macromolecular chemistry
|
| 1954 |
Linus Carl Pauling (USA,
1901-02-28 - 1994-08-19) Studies on
the nature of the chemical bond (molecular
structure of proteins) |
| 1955 |
Vincent du Vigneaud
(USA, 1901-05-18 - 1978-12-11) Synthesis
of a polypeptide hormone |
| 1956 |
Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood
(United Kingdom, 1897-06-19 - 1967-10-09)
Nikolai N. Semjonow (Soviet Union, 1896-04-15
- 1986-09-25) Mechanisms of chemical
reactions |
| 1957 |
Sir Alexander R. Todd
(United Kingdom, *1907-07-02) Studies
on nucleotides and their coenzymes |
| 1958 |
Frederick Sanger (United
Kingdom, *1918-08-13) Structure of proteins,
especially of insulin |
| 1959 |
Jaroslav Heyrovský
(Czechoslovakia, 1890-12-20 - 1967-03-27)
Polarography |
| 1960 |
Willard F. Libby (USA,
1908-12-17 - 1980-09-08) Application
of carbon 14 for age determinations
(radiocarbon dating) |
| 1961 |
Melvin Calvin (USA, *1911-04-07)
Studies on the assimilation of carbonic
acid by plants (photosynthesis) |
| 1962 |
John Cowdery Kendrew
(United Kingdom, *1917-03-24) Max Ferdinand
Perutz (United Kingdom, Austria, *1914-05-19)
Studies on the structures of globulin
proteins |
| 1963 |
Giulio Natta (Italy,
1903-02-26 - 1979-05-02) Karl Ziegler
(Germany, 1898-11-26 - 1973-08-11) Chemistry
and technology of high polymers |
| 1964 |
Dorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin
(United Kingdom, *1910-05-12) Structure
determination of biologically important
substances by means of X rays |
| 1965 |
Robert Burns Woodward
(USA, 1917-04-10 - 1979-07-08) Syntheses
of natural products |
| 1966 |
Robert S. Mulliken (USA,
1896-06-07 - 1986-10-31) Studies on
chemical bonds and the electron structure
of molecules by means of the orbital
method |
| 1967 |
Manfred Eigen (Germany,
*1927-05-09) George Porter (United Kingdom,
*1920-12-06) Ronald G. W. Norrish (United
Kingdom, 1897-11-09 - 1978-06-07) Investigations
of extremely fast chemical reactions
|
| 1968 |
Lars Onsager (USA, Norway,
1903-11-27 - 1976-10-05) Studies on
the thermodynamics of irreversible processes
|
| 1969 |
Odd Hassel (Norway,
1897-05-17 - 1981-05-13) Derek H. Barton
(United Kingdom, *1918-09-08) Development
of the concept of conformation |
| 1970 |
Luis F. Leloir (Argentina,
*1906-09-06) Discovery of sugar nucleotides
and their role in the biosynthesis of
carbohydrates |
| 1971 |
Gerhard Herzberg (Canada,
1904-12-25 - 1999-03-03) Electron structure
and geometry of molecules, particularly
of free radicals (molecular spectroscopy)
|
| 1972 |
Christian B. Anfinsen
(USA, *1916-03-26) Studies on ribonuclease
Stanford Moore (USA, 1913-09-04 - 1982-08-23)
William H. Stein (USA, 1911-06-25 -
1980-02-02) Studies on the active center
of ribonuclease |
| 1973 |
Ernst Otto Fischer (Germany,
*1918-11-10) Geoffrey Wilkinson (United
Kingdom, 1921-07-14 - 1996-09-26) Chemistry
of metal-organic sandwich compounds
|
| 1974 |
Paul J. Flory (USA, 1910-06-19 -
1985-09-09) Physical chemistry of macromolecules
|
| 1975 |
John W. Cornforth (United Kingdom,
*1917-09-07) Stereochemistry of enzyme
catalysis reactions Vladimir Prelog
(Switzerland, Yugoslavia, 1906-07-23
- 1998-01-07) Studies on the stereochemistry
of organic molecules and reactions |
| 1976 |
William N. Lipscomb (USA, *1919-12-09)
Structure of boranes |
| 1977 |
Ilya Prigogine (Belgium, *1917-01-25)
Contributions to the thermodynamics
of irreversible processes, particularly
to the theory of dissipative structures
|
| 1978 |
Peter D. Mitchell (United Kingdom,
*1920-09-29) Studies of biological energy
transfer, development of the chemiosmotic
theory |
| 1979 |
Georg Wittig (Germany, 1897-06-16
- 1987-08-26) Herbert C. Brown (USA,
*1912-05-22) Development of (organic)
boron and phosphorous compounds |
| 1980 |
Paul Berg (USA, *1926-06-30) Studies
on the biochemistry of nucleic acids,
particularly hybrid DNA (technology
of gene surgery) Walter Gilbert (USA,
*1932-03-21) Frederick Sanger (United
Kingdom, 1918-08-13) Determination of
base sequences in nucleic acids |
| 1981 |
Kenichi Fukui (Japan, *1918-10-04)
Roald Hoffmann (USA, *1937-07-18) Theories
on the progress of chemical reactions
(frontier orbital theory) |
| 1982 |
Aaron Klug (United Kingdom, *1926-08-11)
Development of crystallographic methods
for the elucidation of biologically
important nucleic acid protein complexes
|
| 1983 |
Henry Taube (Canada, *1915-11-30)
Reaction mechanisms of electron transfer,
especially with metal complexes |
| 1984 |
Robert Bruce Merrifield (USA, *1921-07-15)
Method for the preparation of peptides
and proteins |
| 1985 |
Herbert A. Hauptman (USA, 1917-02-14)
Jerome Karle (USA, 1918-06-18) Development
of direct methods for the determination
of crystal structures |
| 1986 |
John C. Polanyi (Canada, *1929-01-23)
Dudley R. Herschbach (USA, *1932-06-18)
Yuan Tseh Lee (USA, *1936-11-29) Dynamics
of chemical elementary processes |
| 1987 |
Donald J. Cram (USA, *1919-04-22)
Charles J. Pedersen (USA, 1904-10-03
- 1989-10-26) Jean-Marie Lehn (France,
*1939-09-30) Development of molecules
with structurally specific interaction
of high selectivity |
| 1988 |
Johann Deisenhofer (Germany, *1943-09-30)
Robert Huber (Germany, *1937-02-20)
Hartmut Michel (Germany, *1948-07-18)
Determination of the three-dimensional
structure of a photosynthetic reaction
center |
| 1989 |
Sidney Altman (Canada, *1939-05-08)
Thomas Robert Cech (USA, *1947-12-08)
Discovery of the catalytic properties
of ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
| 1990 |
Elias James Corey (USA, *1928-07-12)
Development of novel methods for the
synthesis of complex natural compounds
(retrosynthetic analysis) |
| 1991 |
Richard Robert Ernst (Switzerland,
*1933-08-14) Development of high resolution
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
(NMR) |
| 1992 |
Rudolph A. Marcus (USA, *1923) Theories
of electron transfer |
| 1993 |
Kary Banks Mullis (USA, *1944) Invention
of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Michael Smith (Canada, *1932) Development
of site specific mutagenesis |
| 1994 |
George A. Olah (USA, *1927) Carbocations
|
| 1995 |
Paul Crutzen (Netherlands, *1933)
Mario Molina (Mexico, *1943) Frank Sherwood
Rowland (USA, *1927) for their work
in atmospheric chemistry, particularly
concerning the formation and decomposition
of ozone |
| 1996 |
Robert F. Curl, Jr. (USA, *1933)
Sir Harold W. Kroto (United Kingdom,
*1939) Richard E. Smalley (USA, *1943)
for their discovery of fullerenes |
| 1997 |
Paul D. Boyer (USA, *1918) John E.
Walker (United Kingdom, *1941) for their
elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism
underlying the synthesis of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) Jens C. Skou (Denmark,
*1918) for the first discovery of an
ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+-ATPase
|
| 1998 |
Walter Kohn (USA, *1923) John A. Pople
(United Kingdom/USA, *1925) to Walter
Kohn for his development of the density-functional
theory and to John Pople for his development
of computational methods in quantum
chemistry (GAUSSIAN computer programs)
|
| 1999 |
Ahmed H. Zewail (USA, Egypt, *1946)
for his studies of the transition states
of chemical reactions using femtosecond
spectroscopy |
| 2000 |
Alan J. Heeger (USA, *1936) Alan G.
MacDiarmid (USA, *1927) Hideki Shirakawa
(Japan, *1936) for the discovery and
development of conductive polymers |
