1901
|
W. C. Röntgen
(Germany, 1845-03-27 - 1923-02-10) Discovery
of X rays |
| 1902 |
Hendrik A. Lorentz (Netherlands,
1853-07-18 - 1929-02-04) Pieter Zeeman
(Netherlands, 1865-05-25 - 1943-10-09) |
| 1903 |
Henri A. Becquerel (France,
1852-12-15 - 1908-08-25) Marie Curie
(France, Poland, 1867-11-07 - 1934-07-04)
Pierre Curie (France, 1859-05-15 - 1906-04-19)
Discovery of radioactivity |
| 1904 |
Lord Rayleigh (United
Kingdom) |
| 1905 |
Philipp E. Lenard (Germany,
1862-06-07 - 1947-05-20) |
| 1906 |
Joseph J. Thomson (United
Kingdom, 1856-12-18 - 1940-04-30) Conduction
of electricity in gases |
| 1907 |
Albert A. Michelson (USA,
1852-12-19 - 1931-05-09) Measurement
of the speed of light |
| 1908 |
G. Lippmann (France) |
| 1909 |
Karl Ferdinand Braun
(Germany, 1850-06-06 - 1918-04-20) Guglielmo
Marconi (Italy, 1874-04-25 - 1937-07-20)
wireless telegraphy |
| 1910 |
Johann D. van der Waals
(Netherlands, 1837-11-23 - 1923-03-07)
Molecular forces |
| 1911 |
Wilhelm Wien (Germany,
1864-01-13 - 1928-08-30) Heat radiation |
| 1912 |
G. Dalén (Sweden) |
| 1913 |
H. Kamerlingh Onnes (Netherlands) |
| 1914 |
Max von Laue (Germany,
1879-10-09 - 1960-04-24) Diffraction
and interference of X rays by the arrangement
of atoms in crystals (Laue diagrams) |
| 1915 |
Sir William Henry Bragg
(United Kingdom, 1862-07-02 - 1942-03-12)
William Lawrence Bragg (United Kingdom,
1890-03-31 - 1971-07-01) Investigation
of crystal structures by X ray spectroscopy |
| 1917 |
Ch. G. Barkia (United
Kingdom) |
| 1918 |
Max Planck (Germany,
1858-04-23 - 1947-10-04) Studies on
thermodynamics and radiation |
| 1919 |
Johannes Stark (Germany,
1874-04-25 - 1957-06-21) Splitting of
spectral lines in electrical fields
(Stark effect) |
| 1920 |
Ch. E. Guillaume (Switzerland) |
| 1921 |
Albert Einstein (Germany,
1879-03-14 - 1955-04-18) Theory of the
photoelectric effect (light quantum
hypothesis) |
| 1922 |
Niels Bohr (Denmark,
1885-10-07 - 1962-11-18) Quantum theoretical
atomic model |
| 1923 |
Robert A. Millikan (USA,
1868-03-22 - 1953-12-19) Measurement
of the electron charge |
| 1924 |
Karl M. G. Siegbahn (Sweden,
1886 - 1978) |
| 1925 |
James Franck (Germany,
1882-08-20 - 1964-05-21) Gustav Hertz
(Germany, 1887-07-21 - 1975-10-30) Studies
on atomic and quantum theory (excitation
and ionization spectra of dilute gases) |
| 1926 |
Jean B. Perrin (France,
1870-09-30 - 1942-04-17) Studies on
the discontinuous structure of matter |
| 1927 |
Arthur H. Compton (USA)
Ch. Th. R. Wilson (United Kingdom) |
| 1928 |
O. W. Richardson (United
Kingdom) |
| 1929 |
Prince Louis Victor de
Broglie (France, 1892-08-15 - 1987-03-19)
Studies on wave mechanics |
| 1930 |
Sir Ch. V. Raman (India,
1888-11-07 - 1970-11-21) Raman effect
on light scattering by molecules |
| 1932 |
Werner Heisenberg (Germany,
1901-12-05 - 1976-02-01) Quantum theory |
| 1933 |
Paul A. M. Dirac (United
Kingdom, 1902-08-08 - 1984-10-21) Erwin
Schrödinger (Austria, 1887-08-12
- 1961-01-04) Quantum theory, wave mechanics |
| 1935 |
James Chadwick (United
Kingdom, 1891-10-20 - 1974-07-24) Discovery
of the neutron |
| 1936 |
C. D. Anderson (USA)
V. F. Heß (Austria) |
| 1937 |
C. J. Davisson (USA)
G. P. Thomson (United Kingdom) |
| 1938 |
Enrico Fermi (Italy,
1901-09-29 - 1954-11-28) Discovery of
nuclear transformations by irradiation
with neutrons |
| 1939 |
Ernest O. Lawrence (USA,
1901-08-08 - 1958-08-27) Invention of
the cyclotron |
| 1943 |
Otto Stern (USA, 1888-02-17
- 1969-08-18) Molecular rays, magnetic
properties of the proton |
| 1944 |
Isidor I. Rabi (USA,
1898-07-29 - 1988-01-11) Studies on
the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei |
| 1945 |
Wolfgang Pauli (Austria,
1900-04-25 - 1958-12-15) quantum physical
Pauli principle |
| 1946 |
Percy W. Bridgman (USA) |
| 1947 |
Sir Edward Victor Appleton
(United Kingdom, 1892 - 1965) for his
discovery of the so-called Appleton
layer of the ionosphere, which is a
dependable reflector of radio waves
and as such useful in communication |
| 1948 |
Patrick Maynard Stuart
Blackett (United Kingdom, 1897 - 1974)
for his discoveries in the field of
cosmic radiation |
|
|
| 1949 |
Hideki Yukawa(Japan,
1907-07-23 - 1981-09-09) Prediction
of the existence of mesons |
| 1950 |
C. F. Powell (United
Kingdom) |
| 1951 |
Sir J. D. Cockcroft (United
Kingdom) E. Th. S. Walton (Ireland) |
| 1952 |
Felix Bloch (USA, 1905-10-23
- 1983-09-10) Edward M. Purcell (USA,
*1912-08-30) Development of a novel
precision method of nuclear magnetism
(NMR) |
| 1953 |
F. Zernike (Netherlands) |
| 1954 |
Max Born (United Kingdom,
Germany, 1882-12-11 - 1970-01-05) Walther
Bothe (Germany, 1891-01-08 - 1957-02-08) |
| 1955 |
P. Kusch (USA) W. E.
Lamb (USA) |
| 1956 |
John Bardeen (USA, 1908-05-23
- 1991-01-30) Walter H. Brattain (USA,
1902-02-10 - 1987-10-14) William Shockley
(USA, *1910-02-13) Development of the
transistor |
| 1957 |
T. D. Lee (China) Ch.
N. Yang (China) |
| 1958 |
I. M. Frank (Soviet Union)
I. E. Tamm (Soviet Union) P. A. Cherenkov
(Soviet Union) |
| 1959 |
O. Chamberlain (USA)
E. Segre (USA, Italy) |
| 1960 |
D. A. Glaser (USA) |
| 1961 |
R. Hofstadter (USA) Rudolf
Mößbauer (Germany, *1929-01-29) |
| 1962 |
L. D. Landau (Soviet
Union) |
| 1963 |
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
(USA, Germany) H. D. Jensen (Germany)
Eugene Paul Wigner (USA, Hungary, 1902-02-17
- 1995-01-03) |
| 1964 |
N. Basov (Soviet Union,
*1922-12-14) A. Prokhorov (Soviet Union,
*1916-07-11) Charles Townes (USA, *1915-07-28)
Laser, Maser |
| 1965 |
Richard P. Feynman (USA,
1918-05-11 - 1988-02-15) J. Schwinger
(USA) S. Tomonaga (Japan) |
| 1966 |
A. Kastler (France) |
| 1967 |
Hans A. Bethe (USA, Germany,
*1906-07-02) Studies on the theory of
nuclear reactions |
| 1968 |
L. W. Alvarez (USA) |
| 1969 |
M. Gell-Mann (USA) |
| 1970 |
H. Alfvén (Sweden)
L. Néel (France) |
| 1971 |
D. Gabor (United Kingdom) |
| 1972 |
John Bardeen (USA, 1908-05-23
- 1991-01-30) L. N. Cooper (USA) J.
R. Schrieffer (USA) Theory of superconductivity |
| 1973 |
L. Esaki (Japan) I. Giaever
(USA, Norway) B. Josephson (United Kingdom) |
| 1974 |
M. Ryle (United Kingdom)
A. Hewish (United Kingdom) |
| 1975 |
A. Bohr (Denmark) B.
Mottelson (Denmark) J. Rainwater (USA) |
| 1976 |
B. Richter (USA) S. Ting
(USA) |
| 1977 |
Ph. W. Anderson (USA)
J. v. Vleck (USA) Neville F. Mott (United
Kingdom, 1905-09-30 - 1996-08-08) |
| 1978 |
P. L. Kapitsa (Soviet
Union, 1894-06-26 - 1984-04-08) A. Penzias
(USA) R. Wilson (USA) |
| 1979 |
Sheldon Lee Glashow (USA,
*1932-12-05) Steven Weinberg (USA, *1933-05-03)
Unification of the weak and electromagnetic
interaction A. Salam (Pakistan) |
| 1980 |
J. W. Cronin (USA) V.
L. Fitch (USA) |
| 1981 |
N. Bloembergen (USA)
A. L. Schawlow (USA) Kai Manne Siegbahn
(Sweden, *1918-04-20) |
| 1982 |
Kenneth G. Wilson (USA,
*1936-06-08) Theory of phase transitions
and critical phenomena |
| 1983 |
S. Chandrasekhar (USA)
William A. Fowler (USA, *1911-08-09)
Importance of nuclear reactions for
the formation of chemical elements in
the universe |
| 1984 |
Carlo Rubbia (Italy,
*1934) Simon van der Meer (Netherlands,
*1925-11-24) Basic studies on particle
physics |
| 1985 |
Klaus v. Klitzing (Germany,
*1943-06-28) Discovery of the quantum
Hall effect |
| 1986 |
Ernst Ruska (Germany,
1906-12-25 - 1988-05-27) Gerd Binnig
(Germany, *1947-07-20) Heinrich Rohrer
(Switzerland, *1933-06-06) Electron
microscope and raster tunnel microscope,
respectively |
| 1987 |
Johannes Georg Bednorz
(Germany, *1950-05-16) Karl Alex Müller
(Switzerland, *1927-04-20) High temperature
superconductors |
| 1988 |
Leon Max Lederman (USA)
Melvin Schwartz (USA) Jack Steinberger
(USA) |
|
|
| 1989 |
Wolfgang Paul (Germany,
*1913-08-10) Hans Georg Dehmelt (USA,
Germany) Norman Foster Ramsey (USA,
*1915-08-27) |
| 1990 |
Jerome I. Friedman (USA,
*1930-03-28) Henry W. Kendall (USA,
*1926-12-09) Richard E. Taylor (Canada,
*1929-11-02) Inelastic scattering of
electrons by protons and bound neutrons,
development of the quark model |
| 1991 |
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
(France, *1932) Theoretical description
of ordering phenomena of liquid crystals,
polymers, magnets and superconductors |
| 1992 |
Georges Charpak (France,
*1924) Invention of detectors for the
detection of rare interactions of elementary
particles |
| 1993 |
Russell A. Hulse (USA,
*1950) Joseph Taylor jr. (USA, *1941) |
| 1994 |
Bertram N. Brockhouse
(Canada) Clifford G. Shull (USA) Studies
on neutron beams |
| 1995 |
Martin L. Perl (USA,
*1927) for the discovery of the tau
lepton Frederick Reines (USA, *1918)
for the detection of the neutrino |
| 1996 |
David M. Lee (USA, *1931)
Douglas D. Osheroff (USA, *1945) Robert
C. Richardson (USA, *1937) for their
discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 |
| 1997 |
Steven Chu (USA, *1948)
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (France, *1933)
William D. Phillips (USA, *1948) for
development of methods to cool and trap
atoms with laser light |
| 1998 |
Robert B. Laughlin (USA,
*1950) Horst L. Störmer (Germany/USA,
*1949) Daniel C. Tsui (USA, *1939) for
their discovery of a new form of quantum
fluid with fractionally charged excitations
(electrons acting together in strong
magnetic fields, fractional quantum
Hall effect) |
| 1999 |
Gerardus 't Hooft (Netherlands,
*1946) Martinus J.G. Veltman (Netherlands,
*1931) for elucidating the quantum structure
of electroweak interactions in physics |
| 2000 |
Zhores I. Alferov (Russia,
*1930) Herbert Kroemer (Germany/USA,
*1928) for developing semiconductor
heterostructures used in high-speed-
and opto-electronics Jack S. Kilby (USA,
*1923) for his part in the invention
of the integrated circuit |
