10,928,000 (1996).

100.4 per sq km (1996).

Guatemala City

1,167,495 (1995).

Guatemala is located in Central America and shares borders to the north and west with Mexico, to the southeast with El Salvador and Honduras, to the northeast with Belize and the Caribbean Sea and to the south with the Pacific ocean. The landscape is predominantly mountainous and heavily forested. A string of volcanoes rises above the southern highlands along the Pacific, three of which are still active. Within this volcanic area are basins of varying sizes which hold the majority of the country's population. The region is drained by rivers flowing into both the Pacific and the Caribbean. One basin west of the capital has no river outlet and thus has formed Lake Atitlán, which is ringed by volcanoes. To the northwest, bordering on Belize and Mexico, lies the low undulating tableland of El Petén, 36,300 sq km (14,000 sq miles) of almost inaccessible wilderness covered with dense hardwood forest. This area covers approximately one-third of the national territory, yet contains only 40,000 people.

Republic. Gained independence from Spain in 1821. Head of State and Government: President Alvaro Arzú Irigoyen since 1996.

The official language is Spanish. English is widely spoken in tourist areas and major hotels and restaurants. Over 21 indigenous languages are also spoken.

The constitution guarantees freedom of worship, but Catholicism is the most widespread religion with a 20% Protestant minority. Some indigenous communities hold services combining Catholicism with pre-Columbian rites.

GMT - 6.

110 volts AC, 60Hz. There are some regional variations